C.A.R.E. Educational Articles - Satanic Ritual Abuse? Prove It! Cheryl's Internet Findings

YOU DON’T HAVE TO PLAY ME BACKWARDS...
SATANIC RITUAL ABUSE: THE EVIDENCE SURFACES
Daniel Ryder, CCDC, LSW

The following lyrics are from a song about Satanic ritual abuse off Joan Baez’s latest album, Play Me Backwards. Incidentally, it’s the lead song.

"You don’t have to play me backwards
To get the meaning of my verse.
You don’t have to die and go to hell
To feel the devil’s curse."

It's not only the "devil’s curse" survivors of Satanic ritual abuse have been feeling of late. They have also been feeling the curse of a pronounced societal backlash. In some circles now, the stories of some of the most heinous abuse imaginable - sexual abuse, brainwashing, torture, murder/sacrifice - are being labeled as "patently false." Therapists are being accused of planting these memories. And, for instance, the FBI has come out debunking the phenomenon, saying, unequivocally, there is no tangible evidence organized Satanic ritual abuse exists at all.

However, my research shows it does exist. And indications are we are only seeing the tip of the iceberg of a social phenomenon that, when totally exposed, will rock the core of societal beliefs.

For the last four years, I have crises-crossed the country interviewing cult researchers, ritual crime investigators, task force members, therapists, investigative reporters, cult survivors...as part of an in-depth investigation on the issue of Satanic ritual abuse. And, the research has yielded some extremely eye-opening things.

The most eye-opening hasn’t been the mutilated backwoods remains of a cult victim’s body in Massachusetts. It wasn’t the bloody pentagram carved into a cult victim’s corpse in San Francisco. The most eye-opening, has been a widely cited Law Enforcement Perspective report out of the FBI’s Behavioral Science Center in Quantico, Virginia.

The report was written by supervisory special agent Kenneth Lanning. It has gone out to law enforcement agencies around the country; and has been cited consistently throughout the media the last several years.

The report states, in regards to "organized" Satanic ritual abuse homicide (that is, two or more Satanic cult members conspiring to commit murder): "The law enforcement perspective can’t ignore the lack of physical evidence (no bodies, or even hairs, fibers, or fluids left by violent murders."

No bodies?

The following is an excerpt from a March 13, 1981, UPI article:

"Fitchburg, Mass. -- The alleged leader of a devil worship cult was found guilty of first degree murder Friday in the ritual killing of a young Fall River, Mass. prostitute last year. Carl Drew, 26, stood pale and expressionless as the verdict was announced. He was immediately sentenced to life imprisonment by superior court judge Francis W. Keating...Miss Marsden was allegedly killed, mutilated and beheaded by Drew and two others in a blood-soaked night time ritual in a wooded area because she wanted to leave the cult."

In 1993, House Bill 1689 was introduced in the Massachusetts Legislature. It is a bill prohibiting "Certain Ritualistic Acts." Some of these acts include: ritual mutilation, dismemberment, torture, the sacrifice of animals, humans...(A similar bill was passed in Idaho in 1990).

Also, in the 1993 Avon Books release: Raising Hell, author/investigative reporter Michael Newton writes, "While some cult apologists may be forgiven their ignorance of current events, (FBI) Agent Lanning -- with access to nationwide police files -- should know better. As this volume amply demonstrates, cult related killers stand convicted of murder in 23 states and at least nine foreign countries. Numerous other occultists are now serving time for practicing their "faith" through acts of arson, rape, assault, cruelty to animals, and similar crimes."

The organization, Looking Up, founded initially as a nationwide support/referral program for incest survivors, serves approximately 15,000 people a year, 40% of whom now are reporting they are dealing with ritualistic or cult related abuse. According to a spokesperson for JUSTUS Unlimited in Denver, a non-profit referral and resource center, they are currently receiving more than 7,000 Satanic ritual abuse related calls a year. (What’s more, they are also hearing from all over the world: Australia, New Zealand, England, The Netherlands, Germany, Israel, Canada...)

Given the tangible evidence now surfacing, and given the volume of people reporting Satanic cult related abuse, it would seem curious the FBI would come out with such a definitive stance attempting to discredit the increasing phenomenon. Of course, then again, it was the same FBI that for more than the first half of this century consistently said there was no evidence whatsoever of another type of "organized" criminal activity. That is -- Mafia related crime.

Actually, Satanic cults are somewhat similar to Mafia crime families.

There is, for instance, extreme secrecy through code of silence programming. This is usually initiated with the signing of a "blood" contract. Wendell Amstutz, author of Satanism in America, said these contracts are generally signed in the initiate’s own blood. The contract, said Amstutz, usually demands life-long obedience. And breaking it means death.

And that'’s exactly what it meant for the four California Satanic cult defectors one fateful night in 1990. The defectors were tracked to an apartment on, of all places, Elm Street in the small town of Salida.

The defectors were beaten and stabbed. Finally, they were decapitated.

What was left behind rivaled the carnage of the Tate-LaBianca crime scene.

The trail led back to five Satanic cult members, and the story began to unfold...

The five who were indicted were part of a 55-member Satanic cult that was operating out of a compound in Salida. Cult members stretched across a three-county are, with a number of them holed-up in a Salida compound (homes and trailers), somewhat similar to Waco’s Branch Davidian complex. Except for one thing: What was going on in the Salida compound for the most part made what was going on in Waco seem like a Disney production.

Randy Cerny, Director of the Northern Chapter of California’s Ritual Crime Investigator’s Association, had followed the cult closely. And after the indictments, he interviewed several of the cult members and reviewed extensive diaries they’d kept.

He said the cult worshipped Satan, followed the teachings of renowned Satanist Aleister Crowley, engaged in sexual abuse, ritual torture including electric shock, child abuse, murder...In other words, many of the same things Satanic ritual abuse survivors have been consistently reporting.

Cerny also said it was reported cult members were from all walks of life. This even included a dentist, a minister, and a woman enrolled in a law enforcement class at a local community college. (Satanic cult members aren’t, by any means, always tattooed teen bikers who have listened to one too many Metallica albums, Often, Satanic ritual abuse survivors report their cult perpetrators are respected members of the community: doctors, law enforcement officials, PTA members, little league coaches...This all, apparently, is part of the facade.)

One of the Matomoros cult members responsible for some of the 13 grisly murder/sacrifices in Mexico a few years back, was majoring in law enforcement at Texas Southmost College at the time she was arrested.

"The California cult was a very secretive, close-knit, sophisticated group," said Cerny.

The Satanic cult was run under the iron fist of charismatic leader, high priest, Gerald Cruz. And, as David Koresh had done in Waco, Cruz used sleep deprivation, brainwashing, torture...to keep members in line. At a trial in Oakland in December, 1992, cult expert and psychologist, Daniel Goldstine, would characterize Cruz as "evil and sadistic."

The jury thought so too. Cruz and two other cult members were sentenced to death for the murders. Two other cult members got life. "Now let’s project this 20 to 25 years down the road," Cerny continued. "Say someone walks into a police department or therapist’s office and says, ‘I’m starting to have memories that my dad was a leader of this Satanic cult in California. And they would brainwash people, torture them with electric shock, sexually abuse me, sacrifice animals, kill people...’ "

Cerny wondered if that would all be passed off as a "false memory."

Nationally syndicated columnist Molly Ivins might well have passed it off as just that. In a May, 1994, column, Ms. Ivins wrote: "...social workers who deal with child abuse have nightmares about the people who come up with patently false recovered memories of Satanic ritual abuse."

Monika Beerle seemed to be nobody’s "false recovered memory." The following is a February 18, 1992, Newsday article excerpt:

New York -- Members of a cult here killed ballerina Monika Beerle in August, 1989, and then dismembered her and fed her flesh to the homeless as part of a Satanic ritual, law enforcement sources said yesterday after arresting a cult member in connection with the slaying. "The public isn’t generating enough momentum to get police mobilized around this (Satanic ritual abuse) issue at this point," explained Akron, Ohio Police Captain Jerry Foys. And John Hunt, Sherman, Texas ritual crime investigator says that "because of the FBI report, the stigma around Satanism and other factors have made it hard to get internal police department support in following up on the ritual aspects of a crime."

Hunt and Foys both said they believe the Satanic ritual abuse is quite widespread -- and extremely dangerous.

It definitely proved dangerous for an alcoholic drifter known only as John Doe No. 60, whose body was found in San Francisco. According to a May 6, 1988, San Francisco Chronicle article:

"The victim had a pentagram carved into his chest, lash marks across his buttocks, a stab wound to his neck, wax in his right eye and hair, and a sliced lip. The naked body was virtually drained of blood."

Clifford St. Joseph, 46, was eventually convicted and sentenced to 34 years to life for the killing.

In his book, Raising Hell, Michael Newton writes when police came to St. Joseph’s apartment nine days after the body was found, they found St. Joseph dressed in a black robe, companion Michael Bork, 26, stripped to the waist, his face daubed with cosmetics, and another man, Edward Spela, 26, passed out from drugs. In the middle of the room was a 19-year old man, who was laying on the floor, handcuffed and surrounded by candles.

According to the San Francisco Chronicle:

"Investigators said that St. Joseph appeared to be part of a Satanic cult that involved men of means in San Francisco’s gay community."

Again, John Doe No. 60’s mutilated body was real. It was nobody’s false memory.

A term popular culture has latched onto tightly in the last couple of years is the very clinical sounding, false memory syndrome. It is a term coined by the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania based False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF), which is an advocacy group for people whose children have accused them of either sexual abuse and/or Satanic ritual abuse.

Despite its scientific sounding title, there is actually no such thing as a clinically acknowledged category for "false memory syndrome," reports Judith Herman, an associate clinical professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, and author of the book, Trauma and Recovery. "The very name FMSF is prejudicial and misleading," said Dr. Herman. "There is no such syndrome, and we have no evidence reported memories are false. We only know they are disputed."

Many professionals dealing with Satanic ritual abuse believe we are seeing the beginnings of a phenomenon that might well mushroom into staggering proportions. And they draw a parallel to the amazing evolution of the sexual abuse field.

"As recently as the 1970s," said Herman, "rape was considered rare, and incest was regarded as a universal taboo. Less than twenty years ago, for example, the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry estimated the prevalence of all forms of incest at one case per million population. And popular and professional literature [as in the case with SRA survivors now] routinely questioned the character of victims, and disparaged the credibility of women who made claims of assault. Today, however, widespread sexual abuse/incest has been extensively documented."

In the case of false memory allegations, perhaps we should be spending a bit more time actually questioning the character of some of those accusing the "alleged" victims of confabulation. And perhaps we should start at the False Memory Syndrome Foundation itself.

The following is an excerpt from a February 29, 1992, FMSF Newsletter where the organization claims it is:

"...not in the business of representing pedophiles...We are a good-looking bunch of people: graying hair, well-dressed, healthy, smiling...Just about every person is someone you would likely find interesting and want to count as a friend."

Joan Baez's song goes on:

Let the night begin
There’s a pop of skin
And a sudden rush of scarlet
There’s a little boy riding on a
goat’s head
And a little girl playing the harlot
It’s a sacrifice in an empty church
Sweet little baby Rose...

A Fall 1989 Cleveland Plain Dealer article excerpt reads:

Three Norwalk area residents charged with opening two graves, beheading the corpses and stealing the skulls, were part of a cult that had recently gotten instructions on how to sacrifice babies to Satan, Norwalk police said yesterday. "We’re taking this very seriously," he [Police Chief Gary Dewalt] said."

Maybe society should take the police chief's lead, in a lot of different areas regarding this problem. For one, many youth are bombarded with Satanic symbols, images, lyrics...One area where it is probably the most prevalent is in the heavy/black metal music scene. For instance, the heavy metal band Venom sings:

"Candles glowing, altars burn
Virgin’s death is needed ther
Sacrifice to Lucifer my master
Bring the chalice, raise the knife
Welcome to my sacrifice..."

Just a passing phase kids go through? Just lyrics?

May 5, 1993 -- Three eight year old boys were riding their bikes down a country road in West Memphis, Arkansas. Suddenly they were forced off the road and horribly killed. One of the suspects accused in the murders, Jessie Lloyd Miskelly, Jr., 17 according to wire service reports, told police that the murders were tied to a teen Satanic cult sacrifice. "Miskelly said the children were lured into a wooded area of West Memphis known as Robin Hood Park, choked until they were unconscious, then brutalized in various ways -- including rape..."

According to a March 8, 1994 article on the trial appearing in the West Memphis The Commercial Appeal: "A witness last week told him Baldwin (one of the accused) told him he sucked the blood from one victim after he mutilated him."

Diaries indicated the Satanic cult in Salida, California, followed the teachings of renowned Satanist Aleister Crowley. In his book, Magick in Theory and Practice, Crowley wrote, "The blood is the life...any living thing is the storehouse of energy...at the death of the animal this energy is liberated suddenly. The animal should therefore be killed within the Circle, or Triangle, so that it’s energy cannot escape...For the highest spiritual working one must accordingly choose that victim which the greatest and purest force. A male child of perfect innocence is the most satisfactory and suitable victim."

There'’s a good bet that seven year old Yvando Caetano, like most seven year olds, was living a life in "perfect innocence" in the small town of Guaratuba, Brazil. This may well have been the precipitating factor in his death. According to a July 28, 1992, Cable News Network (CNN) report/transcript, Yvando was found in a shallow grave. His arms and legs had been dismembered, his internal organs cut out. Ritual implements used during the ceremony were also found near the body.

Investigator Jose Moscic Favetti said police believed the mayor’s wife and daughter were involved with a Satanic cult, and that the wife had paid five cult members to sacrifice Yvando to Satan -- in return for the mayor having a good political year.

"The stories (about different aspects of cult rituals) are very much the same, whether it’s someone reporting about a ceremony in Melbourne, Australia, Vermont, Utah..." said Dr. Judianne Densen-Gerber. "This leads me to believe, not only are the cults all over, but because of the similarities, many are also networked."

Dr. Densen-Gerber is a New York Psychiatrist who has treated a number of SRA survivors since 1980. She also has a law degree, and is the founder of PACT (Protect America’s Children Today).

Are American children in danger because of these Satanic cults? Well, the small town in Brazil might provide some clues. Besides the death of 7-year old Yvando in July, 10 other children had come up missing in Guarutuba since January of that year.

According to Brandon Perez, initial Development Director of the National Missing Children’s Center, based in Houston, Texas, there are currently some 4000,000 abductions a year in the United States of which, said Perez, almost 50% of the children are never found. Perez added that many of these cases are not adequately tracked.

In his book, The Franklin Cover-up: Child Abuse, Satanism and Murder in Nebraska, author and former Nebraska State Senator John DeCamp interviewed 28 year veteran FBI agent Ted Gunderson. Since his retirement from the FBI, Gunderson has been actively investigating reports of Satanic ritual abuse.

DeCamp writes:

"Evidence from Gunderson’s investigations has convinced him tens of thousands of children or young people disappear from their homes each year, and that many of them are ritualistically sacrificed...nobody knows the true figure because the FBI doesn’t keep count. Gunderson observes, ‘The FBI has an accurate count on the number of automobiles stolen every year. It knows the number of homicides, rapes, and robberies, but the FBI has no idea of the number of children who disappear every year. They simply do not ask for the statistics.’ Gunderson goes onto say he believes they don’t ask for the statistics, simply, because they don’t want to see them. "They would be confronted with an instant public outcry for action, because the figures would show a major social problem that would demand action.’"

And it’s not just the tragedy of the missing children that come up dead as a result of this savage cult abuse -- there are many children that are "walking wounded."

Pamela Hudson, LCSW, a child therapist with a county health outpatient department in northern California began to identify the symptoms of SRA in several children who had been referred to her in 1985. What was to follow was a most frightening phenomenon. Throughout the remainder of 1985 and into 1986, twenty-four children, all from the same day care center, all exhibiting varying degrees of ritual abuse symptoms, were brought to her by concerned parents. (What was even more amazing, said Hudson, was that the cases came to her individually, without the parents initially talking among each other.)

Some of the symptoms included frequent night terrors, night sweats, extreme separation anxiety, uncontrolled vomiting, 3,4, and 5 year olds acting out sexually in bizarre, sadistic manners...all indicators of significant trauma. As Hudson continued to work with the children, the Satanic ritual abuse stories started to surface: the children reported being locked in cages, buried for short periods in coffins, injected with drugs, defecated and urinated on, sexually abused, forced to watch animal and human sacrifice...

Hudson took the information to authorities, but the District Attorney’s office decided not to prosecute. A disappointed Hudson said she attributes the decision to the lack of physical evidence, and the children being perceived as too young, and also considered too emotionally traumatized for the stories to appear credible to a jury.

However, several years later, a jury in Austin, Texas, did find children’s stories of sexual and Satanic ritual abuse credible enough to put Fran’s Day Care directors, Fran and Dan Keller, in prison for extended sentences. (The Kellers aren’t eligible for parole until 2004.)

As with the case in California, the children talked of extreme forms of abuse: being threatened with guns, being buried alive, forced to make pornographic movies, watch an infant sacrifice...

In addition, my research has also turned up similar day care and school SRA cases in Florida, several more in California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and in Christchurch, New Zealand.

The longest trial in American history, California’s McMartin Day School case, was one of the first day care center cases to claim Satanic ritual abuse. There were some 500 separate reports filed at the Manhattan Beach Police Department in connection with the case. The children’s stories matched those of other cases cited. However, there was an additional component to the McMartin case. The children consistently talked of being abused in an underground tunnel below the day care center.

A highly qualified archaeologist, hired by the children’s families, talked about a series of what he says were highly questionable incidents in the search for the elusive tunnels.

Archeologist Gary Stickle, Ph.D., has worked extensively in the United States and in Europe, including heading the largest underwater archeological sonar survey ever conducted in Europe. In addition, he has been a consultant to Lucas Films in the development of the Indiana Jones movie series. He has also been professor of Archeology at the University of California at Long Beach. Stickle said initially a private investigator went to the day care center site and did some preliminary informal digging. It is reported, said Stickle, that this investigator found some rabbit bones in the soil. (The children talked about rabbits being sacrificed.) However, the day before he was to testify, the private investigator was found dead from a gun shot wound. It was determined to be a suicide. But Stickle said that determination was questioned by more than a few people, given the timing. Eventually, said Stickle, the prosecution hired an archeological firm that dug seven pits clustered outside of the building. (This was curious, said Stickle, because the children were reporting the abuse had gone on in tunnels below the building.) Stickle said a remote sensing device was also used at the time, but it was reported that no tunnels were found. That was 1985.

The lack of a tunnel damaged the credibility of the children’s stories tremendously.

Stickle’s firm was hired by the parents in 1990. Using a sophisticated ground penetrating radar, Stickle said a tunnel was found, right where some of the children had told his staff it would be.

However, even though evidence of the tunnel was found in May of 1990, while the trial was still in progress -- the evidence was never introduced in court, said Stickle.

"Finding such a tunnel was highly relevant (to the case)," said Stickle. "Because it (prior lack of physical evidence of a tunnel) was a major thing used to discredit the children."

The accused McMartin Day Care Center staff were eventually acquitted. However, some of the McMartin parents haven’t quit fighting. A two hundred page report on the tunnel findings has recently been released by the parents, in an ongoing effort to keep the case before the public.

As with these children, it is becoming more and more apparent that there are many adult SRA walking wounded as well. As a result of the trauma, these are people often afflicted with things like severe paranoia, schizophrenia, multiple personalities. They are people almost off the scales in terms of addictions/compulsions, depression, self-mutilating behavior...

However, an advancing therapeutic field has developed highly sophisticated techniques to help survivors. And the prognosis for recovery is often good.

In addition, parts of society are also rallying around these survivors. The County Commission for Women has a Ritual Abuse Task Force in Los Angeles; there is a state-wide Minnesota Awareness of Ritual Abuse group; Jireh, headquartered in Arlington, Texas, is a national program to create safe-houses for cult survivors breaking away; The International Council on Cultism and Ritual Trauma, in Richardson, Texas, and a number of cult survivor resource and referral organizations; ritual abuse twelve-step programs are evolving.

As much as we don’t want to believe it as a society -- Satanic ritual abuse is a reality. And, as was done by the parents in the McMartin Day Care Center case, we need to be rolling up our sleeves and digging deeper to get at the whole truth.

May 25, 1994 was designated National Missing Children’s Day. Those postcards that come to our homes so very often don’t represent anybody’s "false memories." Those are real children, with real fates.

Daniel Ryder, CCDC, LSW, an investigative journalist and a counselor, is the author of Breaking the Circle of Satanic Ritual Abuse. The above article is based on material from Mr. Ryder’s newest book,/I> Cover-up of the Century (Satanic Ritual Crime and Conspiracy).

When Good People Do Nothing
By James Randall Noblitt and Pamela Perskin

History will have to record that the greatest tragedy of this period of social transition was not the vitriolic words and violent actions of the "bad" people—but the appalling silence and indifference of the "good" people. Our generation will have to repent, not only for the words and actions of the children of darkness, but also for the fears and apathy of the children of light.

Ritual abuse is an ugly label for acts frequently reported but rarely well defined. Reports of ritual abuse permeate the media and the courts, but what do they mean? Are these claims indicative of a conspiracy of evil-worshippers preying upon the most vulnerable members of society? Or are they the consequence of a virtual witch-hunt instigated by an over-reactive mental health industry?

Despite sensational media reports depicting a contentious psychotherapeutic community rallying suggestible psychiatric patients to blame their dysfunctional, unsatisfying lives on newly recovered memories of horrendous childhood abuse, there is no sufficient evidence to support such a theory. In all the cases that we have investigated where a therapist was accused of implanting "false memories" we found that the allegations were disputed and the false memory theory was prompted by dubious or questionable motives (e.g., the prospect of financial gain via civil suit). In some cases, we found that the allegations of implanting false memories were patently false, e.g., the client had the memories before ever consulting a therapist. The theory that thousands of therapists are deliberately promoting false memories in their patients is ludicrous and unsupported by data.

It comes as no surprise to note that some people’s recollections can be affected by deliberate procedures used in a laboratory for that purpose. However, no study has ever demonstrated that therapists are deliberately or intentionally working to alter the memories of their clients as the researchers have done in the few analog studies available on this subject. Rather, child abuse is an accepted, though regrettable, fact of life.

In fact, even though child abuse is recognized as the primary cause of traumatic death among children, experts in the fields of medicine, law enforcement, and social services believe that child abuse is vastly under reported and that fatalities among children are commonly misidentified as being the consequence of natural causes rather than abuse related trauma (U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995).

Some of this abuse is described as "ritual" or "ritualistic" abuse. In a study reported by Finkelhor, Williams, Burns, and Kalinowski, the authors found that 13% of a national sample of 270 cases of child abuse in a day care setting involved allegations of ritual abuse. We have defined ritual abuse as "deliberate abuse carried out in a circumscribed manner in order to cause dissociation or to manipulate already-created dissociated states of mind" (Noblitt & Perskin, 1995, p. 168).

But does ritual abuse actually occur? It would be beyond the scope of this article to cite all the evidence we have found that ritual abuse does exist. However, we have summarized our findings in Cult and Ritual Abuse: Its History, Anthropology, and Recent Discovery in Contemporary America (Noblitt & Perskin, 1995). Furthermore, an excellent scholarly review of the research on ritual abuse has been published in the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children Advisor (Faller, 1994).

Suffice it to say, we find there to be a very strong case in the scientific and scholarly literature which shows that ritual abuse is an unfortunate feature of modern life in Western as well as preindustrial cultures. We also find that cases of ritual abuse are often mishandled and victims continue to suffer in the legal system and the labyrinth of social service agencies which are poorly equipped and rarely trained in this area. In spite of the evidence, skepticism and apathy are still prevalent obstacles to the safety and well-being of ritual abuse survivors and their advocates.

Almost sixty years ago, a very similar situation evolved in western Europe, and the resulting catastrophe was responsible for the annihilation of six million innocent men, women, and children. These six million people were beaten, starved, tortured and murdered in an area considered to be the heart of European civilization and in the midst of a people proud of their civilized heritage. They died not so much because a few evil people were able to exert control over their countrymen, but because good people failed to speak out or take appropriate action.

We are writing as secular individuals, and are puzzled by the reluctance of the Christian fellowship to come to the aid of individuals alleging ritual abuse. Too often, we hear of cases where survivors feel abandoned and alienated from the clergy and the religious community. Instead of embracing survivors, supporting them emotionally and spiritually, and acting as their advocates, the Christian community and its leadership have often turned their backs on victims, even to the extent of supporting individuals alleged to be perpetrators of such abuse. In the case of the Nazi Holocaust, six million Jews as well as many other innocent victims were killed while the world looked on apathetically. Few important church leaders challenged this atrocity. Are we witnessing a similar shameful silence?

We are hopeful that the Christian community will not only become the case of current and ongoing ritual abuse? active in confronting ritual abuse, but that they will take a leadership role in eliminating such practices. Consider how much could be accomplished if the clergy would adopt an advocacy role in promoting public awareness and in assisting in the desperately needed fund raising which would support research, treatment and legal assistance for those victimized by ritual abuse.

References

Faller, K. (1994, Spring). Ritual abuse: A review of the research. The American Professional Society on the abuse of Children Advisor, pp. 1,19-27.
Finkelhor, D., Williams, L. M., Burns, N., & Kalinowski, M. (1988, March). Sexual abuse in day care: A national study, final report. Durham, NH: Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
Noblitt, J.R., & Perskin, P.S.(1995) Cult and Ritual Abuse: Its History, Anthropology, and Recent Discovery in Contemporary America. Westport, CT: Praeger.
U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect (1995). A nation’s shame: Fatal child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

COMING FULL CIRCLE
James Randall Noblitt, PH.D. President, ICCRT

Many of the helping professionals, particularly those who were trained in the social or behavioral sciences, will recall studying the history of the mental health movement. In reviewing this historical phenomenon we sometimes wonder how people coped with psychological problems before there were mental health professions. If they were fortunate, those who were psychologically troubled may have found a compassionate person, perhaps a village clergyman or an understanding relative in whom they could confide.

Or they may have chosen to tell no one about their feelings of fear, sleeplessness, or despair. If they were unlucky, they were identified as a witch or warlock and tortured until they confessed to this "crime" (Kramer & Sprenger 1484/1948). This story is repeated many times, although more eloquently in the various texts and chapters on the history of mental health professions (e.g., Alexander & Selesnick, 1966; Mora, 1985).

Additionally, these authors observe that one of the oldest theories about the etiology of mental disorders identifies spirit possession as its causal agent. This notion of spirit possession as an etiologic theory was virtually abandoned within the field of mental health, as we struggled to escape the confines of Medieval explanations for behavior.

It is ironic that this religious theory spawned a reprehensible series of crimes against humanity, the witch persecutions of Europe and America. Curiously, a recent book by sociologist, Hans Sebald (1995) attempts to equate the earlier witch persecutions with modern accounts of ritual abuse in an apparent effort to discredit the contemporary allegations of ritual abuse. The author tells the story of the witch-boy of Bamberg, who apparently went in and out of dissociated states while interviewed by the Inquisitors and who also described incidents of sexual abuse in his past. I agree with Sebald’s conclusion that the narrations of the witch-boy are much like those of modern survivors of ritual abuse.

However, we part company when Sebald interprets both phenomena as the result of fantasy. Why would the medieval and current accounts necessarily involve both the elements of sexual abuse and dissociation of identity? Is it not more parsimonious to view dissociation as a consequence of trauma? Certainly this hypothesis is consistent with the great majority of contemporary patient reports. Oesterreich’s (1921/1966) exhaustive study of possession also mentions cases of what was then called "dual personality" but is now identified as Dissociative Identity Disorder. Evidently, Oesterreich saw a connection between the two.

The obvious similarity between what has been known historically and anthropologically as "possession states" and dissociation of identity is becomingly increasingly clear. According to a contemporary scholar, Begelman, both "possession and MPD are based on the same database" (1993, p. 201).

People are sometimes surprised to learn of the extent of Freud’s interest in possession, witchcraft and the occult. On the other hand, Freud is probably better known for his creation and then abandonment of a theory that postulates that neuroses are caused by childhood sexual "seduction." According to Masson, Freud abandoned his seduction theory as a result of his treatment of Emma Eckstein, a patient who described mental scenes while in therapy with Freud comparable to modern disclosures of ritual abuse. In one such scene the devil "sticks pins into her finger and puts a piece of candy on each drop of blood" (Masson, 1992, p.103).

When similar mental images are described by contemporary patients it soon becomes evident that the "devil" is really a person costumed in that manner. In a letter to Freud’s friend and colleague, Wilhelm Fliess, dated January 24, 1897, Freud notes the following: "Imagine, I obtained a scene about the circumcision of a girl. The cutting of a piece of the labia minora (which is still shorter today), sucking up the blood, following which the child was given a piece of the skin to eat" (Masson, 1992, p. 105). Masson says that Freud is still referring to the same patient, Emma Eckstein. Therapists who work with ritual abuse patients often hear of such accounts of genital mutilation along with ingestion of blood and bits of flesh. Freud also wrote, "we may have before us a residue of a primaeval sexual cult which, in the Semitic East (Moloch, Astarte), was once, perhaps still is, a religion" (Freud, 1966, p. 243)

Possession states are still with us and now in 1995, possession and possession trance are listed under the diagnosis Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified in the DSM-IV. Rather than adopting the traditional Western religious theory of possession we are now utilizing current anthropological views of this subject. Have we come full circle?

The field of anthropology may also have an opportunity to learn more about possession phenomena from developments within the mental health professions.

The increasing numbers of psychiatric patients who report histories of childhood trauma and present with symptoms of dissociative disorders may give us a clue to the etiology of possession disorders which are quite widespread among many preindustrial cultures (e.g., Bourguinon, 1973). In researching our current book, Cult and Ritual Abuse: Its History, Anthropology, and Recent Discovery in Contemporary America (Noblitt & Perskin, 1995), Pamela Perskin and I found evidence that trauma is used in a variety of the initiation ceremonies which are conducted in preindustrial cultures and which may be associated with the development of possession states. Our theory is that ritual trauma is a primary cause of the dissociation of identity which one finds in shamanistic, and sorcery-oriented preindustrial cultures as well as the "occult underground" in modern Euro-America. Perhaps we are approaching a new naturalistic theory of spirit possession applicable not only to mental health but to anthropology and the historical interpretations of European witchcraft as well.

References

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RA/SRA/Mind Control Bibliography
from New Hope Healing Institute

Andres, R. & Lane, J. R. (1988). Cults and consequences: The definitive handbook. Commission on Cults and Missionaries, Jewish Federation Council of Greater Los Angeles, 6505 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048

Angebert, J, M. (1984). The Occult and the third Reich. Macmillan.

Anon. (1992). The mystery of the carefully crafted hoax. The Nebraska Leadership Conference, PO Box 30165, Lincoln, NE 69503.

Appel, W. (1983). Cults in America: Programmed for Paradise. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Bach, M. (1961). Strange Sects and Curious Cults. New York, NY: Dorset Press.

Bain, D. (1976). The control of Candy Jones. Playboy Press.

Barton, B. (1990). The secret life of a satanist: The authorized biography of Anton LaVey. Los Angeles, CA: Feral House.

Baskin, W. (1972). Satanism. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press.

Bass, E. and Davis, L.(1988). 3rd edition. The courage to heal.: A guide for women survivors of sexual abuse. New York: Harper & Row:

Becker, R. (1985). The body electric. Morrow.

Beckylane (1995). Where the rivers join: A personal account of healing from ritual abuse. Vancouver, BC: Press Gang.

Bitz, M. (1990). "The Impact of ritualistic abuse for sexually abused children and their adoptive families." In Adoption and the sexually abused child. (Ed. McNamara. Joan and McNamara, Bernard H.). Family Resources Adoption Program, 226 North Highland Avenue, Ossining, New York 10562

Blood, L. (1994). The new satanists. New York: Warner.

Blume, E. Sue. (1991). Secret survivors: Uncovering incest and its after effects in women. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.

Bowart, W. Operation mind control I.

Bowart, W. Operation mind control II.

Bredenberg, A. M. Teenagers and satanism.

Bresler, F. (1989). Who killed John Lennon? St. Martin's Press.

Brown, D. (1991). The Treatment of satanic ritual abuse survivors: A Therapist's handbook. Available from: D. Brown, 800 Grant St., Suite 510, Denver CO

Brown, R. (1986). He came to set the captives free. Chino, CA: Chick Publications.

Bubeck, M. I. (1975). The adversary. Moody Press.

Bubeck, M. I. (1984). Overcoming the adversary. Moody Press

Bubeck, M. I. The satanic revival: Surprising cure. Here's Life Publishers: P. O. BOX 1576, San Bernardino, CA.

Bugliosi, V. & Gentry, C. (1979). Helter-skelter: The true story of the Manson murders. New York, NY: Bantam Books.

Burdick, D. (1982) Such things are known. New York, NY: Vantage Press.

Burgess, Ann Wolbert(Ed.) (1984). Child pornography and sex rings. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Burgess, Ann Wolbert and Grant, Christine A. (1988). Children traumatized in sex rings. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 550, Arlington, VA 22201-3052

Carlson, C., Larue, G. & O'Sullivan, G. (1988) Satanism In America. Gaia Press

Clay, Colin. (1996) More than a survivor: Memories of satanic ritual abuse and the paths which lead to healing. 1337 College Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W6

Cohn, N. (1993) Europe's inner demons: The demonization of Christians in medieval Christendom. London, UK: Pimlico.

Carr, J. (1985) The twisted cross. Huntington House.

Cavendish, R. (l967) The black arts. New York, NY: Putnam Publishing Group.

Chawkin, S. (1987) The mind stealers. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Cirlot, J.E. (1962) A dictionary of symbols. Philosophical Press

Colvin, R. (1992) Evil jarvest: The shocking true story of cult murder in the American heartland. New York, NY: Bantam.

Cook, C. (1991)Understanding ritual abuse through a study of thirty-three ritual abuse survivors from thirteen different states. Ritual Abuse Project: Sacramento CA.

Corcoran, J. Bitter harvest. Gordon Kahl and the Posse Comitatus: Murder in the heartland. New York, NY: Penguin.

Crewdson, J. (1988) By silence betrayed. Boston, MA: Little Brown & Co.

Crowley, P. (1990) Not my child. New York, NY: Doubleday.

de Camp, John W. (1991). The Franklin cover-up: Child abuse, satanism and murder in Nebraska. A.W.T., Inc., P.O. Box 85461, Lincoln, NE 68501

Delgado, J. (1967) Physical control of the mind. Harper and Row.

Duncan, C.W. (1994). The Fractured mirror: healing multiple personality disorder. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc.

Eberle, P. (1986) The politics of child abuse. Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart, Inc.

Estabrooks, G. (1957)Hypnotism. Dutton.

Feldman, G. C. (1993.)Lessons in evil, lessons from the light: A true story of satanic abuse and spiritual healing. New York, NY: Crown Publishers.

Finkelhor, David, Meyer-Williams, Linda and Burns, Nanci (1988). Nursery Crimes: Sexual abuse in day care. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Press.

Flowers, E. (1990) Fire & ice: Magical teachings of Germany's greatest secret occult order. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn.

Flynn, K, & Gerhardt, G. (1989) The silent brotherhood: Inside America's racist underground. New York, NY: Signet.

Friesen, J.G. (1991). Uncovering the mystery of MPD. San Bernadino, CA: Here's Life Publishers.

Friesen, J.G. (1992) More than survivors: Conversations with multiple-personality clients. Nashville, TN: Nelson Publishers.

Galanter, M. (1989) Cults: Faith, healing and coercion. New York, NY: Oxford University.

Greaves, George B. "Alternative hypotheses regarding claims of satanic cult activity: A critical analysis." In Out of darkness: Exploring satanism and ritual abuse. (Sakheim, David K. and Devine, Susan, Eds.) (1992) New York, NY: Lexington Books/Macmillan, Inc. pp. 45-72.

Greven, Philip (1991). Spare the child: The Religious roots of punishment and the psychological impact of physical abuse. Knopf.